Furnace wall



July 24, 1923.

M. Ll PTAK FURNACE WALL Filed April 8, 192.2 3 Sheets-Sheet l July 24, 1923. L46350 M. I IPTAK FURNACE WALL Filed April s, 1922 .s sheets-sheet? July 24, 1923.

M.UPTAK FURNACE WALL Filed April 8, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented July 2li, i923.

NITE SES MMM@ @TENT OFFICE.

MICHAEL LIPTAK, 0F ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOR TO A. I. GREEN FIRE BRICK COMPANY, OF MEXICO, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION 0F MISSOURI.

FUBNACE WALL.

Application led April 8, 1922. Serial No. 550,841.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, MICHAEL LIPTAK, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Paul, in the county of Ramsey and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnace Walls; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theA invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appert-ains to make and use the same.

My present invention relates to furnace wall structures and is in the nature of an improved modification or refinement of the wall structure disclosed and broadly claimed in my pending application Serial Number 521,376,filed December 10, 1921. The present improvedy wall has all of the advantages of the wall of said pending application and certain other important features, all as will hereinafter clearly appear. Generally stated, the invention consists of the novel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter described and defined in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the invention, like characters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary perspective showing the improved wall with certain of the blocks removed;

Fig. 2 is an elevation looking at the inner face of the permanent outer wall of the complete wall struct-ure;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section of the wall, some of the blocks being shown in full, for the purpose of clearness;

Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are perspective views of certain of the blocks of the wall structure; and

Fig. 8 is a view corresponding to Fig. l,

.but illustrating a construction of a somewhat modiiied form.

The complete wall structure, when desi ned for an outside wall, is made up of w at may be designated as a permanent masonry outer wall and a replaceable high refractory masonry inner wall. In the preferred construction, the permanent outer wall, throughout that portion that is subjected to the most intense heat, is faced with higher refractory bricks or blocks, which become a permanent part of said-outer wall structure. As a highly important feature,

fire tiles or high refractory blocks7 designated as sill blocks,-are built into the permanent wall along certain horizontal lines; shortpilasters are built on or between the inner portions of the sills thus formed, and these pilasters are capped by so-called lintels, -thereby forming between` the pilasters rectangular pockets. The fire bricks forming the inner facing of the permanent outer wall are laid in courses on the lintels and completely `fill the spaces between the lintels and the inner portions of the overlying sills. In the preferred construction, the sill-forming blocks and the lintels have approximately the same vertical thickness as standard bricks.

The outer common bricks 9 of this per-- manent outer wall may be laid in any desired number of horizontal layers, but, as shown in the drawings, Figs. 1, 2 and 3, are laid in a width of two bricks throughout that portion that is faced with the fire bricks. The above noted sill-forming blocks are indicated by the numeral 10, the pilaster-forming bricks by the numeral 11 and the lintels by the numeral 12. The rectanguiar pockets formed in the ire brick or tile facing 9a of the permanent outer wall are indicated by the numeral 13, and these, it will be noted, are horizontally twice as long as the pilasters are wide. Preferably and as shown, the pockets 13 are the height of three bricks which form each pilaster, but, of course, these dimensions may be varied. At the bottoms of the pockets, the up er surfaces of the sill blocks 10 are prefera ly formed with raised ledges 10a that extend about half-way to the backs of the pockets.

The replaceable inner wall should be made up entirely of higher refractory bricks or tiles, and this replaceable inner wall is made up chiefly of horizontal belts of fire bricks 14, but between these belts 14 are interposed horizontal layers of shelf-forming blocks or tiles 15 that constitute an important feature of this invention. These shelf tiles 15 preferably have the same cross-section as a commercial brick, but are enough longer than an ordinary brick to reach the backs of the pockets 13 and to project a full brick length inward of the inner face of the permanent outer wall. Uf course, the crosssectional dimensions of these shelf-forming blocks may be varied, at will, but in the arrangement illustrated, four of the same are required to horizontally fill each pocket 18. At their inner ends, said blocks 16 are provided with depending ledges 15, which engage the sill-forming blocks 10 inwardly ot their ledgesv 10a and positively interlock said blocks 15 and 10 when the former are held downward.y To hold the blocks 15 thus interlocked, key-blocks or bricks 16 are employed. rlhese key-blocks 16 are preferably commercial re bricks,`sligh'tly tapered and arranged to fit and till the space between the tops ot the blocks 15 and the immediately overlying lintels 12. When these keys are applied, they positively hold downward the inner ends ot the shelf-forming blocks 15 in interlocked engagement vwith the sills and cause the said blocks A15 to form cantilever projections or shelves. Preferably, tire clay 17 is placed inthe slightly diverging space between the lintels and the underlapped portions ot the key-blocks 16. rll`he key-blocks or bricks 16 project beyond the lintels but not to the ends of the blocks 15. At places where the pilasters 11 are found, there will be, primarily, spaces between the groups of shelf-forming blocks 15, but these spaces may be tilled with ordinary fire brick, which, under the action ot heat, soon become fused and held in position, even if the underlying bricks 14C should be removed. lFire bricks 18 are laid in a layer immediately on the uncovered end portions of the shelf blocks 15 and spanning lthe gaps between the roups thereof, and the tire bricks 1d, whic form the so-called horizontal belts, are laid directly on the bricks 18 and on the projecting ends of the key-blocks 16.

ln the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 8, the sill-forming blocks 10", instead of forming a continuous sill, are spaced and the pilasters 1l are made deeper and eX- tended down between blocks 10a. Also, the lintels 12*l and the pockets 13a are made deeper than in the construction illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Moreover, the sheltforming blocks 15 are made of such width that, horizontally, they fill the pockets 13a. Also, the lintels 12a overlying the pockets are beveled so that they t the taper of the key-blocks or bricks 16, thereby obviating the use of clay or filling material. As the blocks 15 are made much thicker vertical] than commercial bricks, supplemental shel forming tiles 19 are laid between the projecting portions of the blocks 15. lin both of the constructions illustrated, the upper portion of the permanent outer wall where the heat isnot so intense, is, except for the sill blocks and lintels, made upof commercial or common brick.

llt will, of course, be understood that in the first construction of the complete wall the permanent outer wall and replaceable inner wall will advisably be progressively built up together, although it would be posaaeaoao sible and practicable first -to completely build the outer wall and then to completely build up the replaceable inner wall. lin either event, however, the shelf-forming tiles or blocks 15 or 15', as the case may be, would at no time be called upon to completely carry an overlying load, although they at all times interlock the two walls together and prevent lateral separation thereof. lin the use ot the furnace, the blocks and tilesof the inner wall will soon become fused together so that the mass is thoroughly interlocked. By the time repairs are necessary, the inner wall will be considerably burned away so that even when a complete belt of bricks 14C are removed the load on the overlying sheltforming blocks 'will have been greatly reduced. Nevertheless, these shelf-forming blocks or tiles would carry the full load of complete blocks it, at any time, this becomes necessary in making repairs. Hence, they will, at all times, support the load ot masonry or brickwork 1d above any particular shelf. Repairs will always be made before any ot the bricks of the permanent outer wall are damaged, but the shelt-orming tiles or blocks'will, ot course, have to be replaced, and this may be easily done simply by removing the key-blocks so as to loosen up the'damaged shelf-forming blocks. The pilasters betweenthe pockets always give the permanent wall a complete support that is the full width thereof, so that there is never any danger ot the permanent outer wall toppling over, even it made thin and even if entirely stripped of the replaceable inner wall. @therwise stated, the pilasters always maintain the full strength and normal stability of the outer wall. Moreover, it will be noted that in replacing the inner wall, the shelf-forming blocks are the only elements of special construction, the rest being entirely commercial fire bricks. This arrangement,- therefore, makes it possible to quickly and cheaply repair and maintain the walls offurnacesf( @t course, instead oit the commercial tire brick, any other suitable retractory material might be used it found practicable, but the tire brick has been found by far the best for the purpose.

What ll claim is:

1. A lcomposite furnace wall comprising a permanent masonry outer wall having therein horizontal rows of sillforming blocks, overlying horizontal rows of lintels and intervening pilasters, forming vertically spaced rows of horizontally spaced pockets, in combination with a high refractory replaceable masonry inner wall including shelf-forming blocks projected into and ancht'edyvithin the pockets of said permanent wa.

2. A composite furnace wall comprising a permanent masonry outer wall having therein horizontal rows of sill-forming blocks,

overlying horizontal rows of lintels and i11- tervening pilasters, forming vertically spaced rows of horizontally spaced pockets, in combination with a replaceablel masonry inner wall including shelf-forming blocks projected into the said pockets, and key blocks filling the space between the tops of said shelf-forming blocks and the tops of said pockets and anchoring said shelf-forining tiles within said pockets.

3. The structure defined in claim 1 in which said shelf-forming tiles have interlocking engagement with the sill blocks of said permanent wall.

1. he structure defined in claim 2 in which said sill blocks and shelf-forming blocks have interlocking ledges whereby they are held positively interlocked by said key blocks.

5. The structure defined in claim 1 in which the outer portion of said permanent wall is made up of common bricks and the inner surface thereof including said sill blocks, lintels and pilasters are of high refractory non-metallic material.

6. The structure defined in claim 2 in which said key blocks project into the brick work of said replaceable wall.

7 The structure defined v in claim 2 in which said key blocks are tapered so that they maybe forced tightly' to position.

8. The structure defined in claim 2 in which said key blocks are tapered and said lintels are beveled to fit the taper of said key blocks.

9. The structure defined in claim 1 in which said shelf-forming bllocks are arvranged in groups within said pockets and said groups are spaced by said pilasters, the space between the projecting portions of said shelf-forming blocks being filled in by fire brick.

10. The structure defined in claim 9 in which said shelf-forming tiles have approximately the cross-section of commercial fire bricks.

11. The structure defined in claim 9 in which said sill-forming blocks and shelfforming blocks have interlocking ledges normally vand positively anchoring said shelf-forming blocks within the pockets of' the permanent wall.

12. The structure defined in claim 1 in which said sill-forming blocks and lintels form continuous courses, and said pilasters rest upon the continuous sill thus formed and support the lintels.

13. The structure defined in claim 1 in which said sill-forming blocks and lintels are built into the masonry ol said permanent wall beyond the backs of the pockets formed thereby and by said pilasters.

14. The structure defined in claim 2 in which said sill-forming blocks and lintels are built into the masonry of said permanent wall be ond the backs of the pockets formed thereby and by said pilasters.

15. The structure defined in claim 2 in which said shelf-forming blocks and key blocks have approximately the cross-section of commercial fire bricks.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

MICHAEL LIPTAK. 

